Real Estate · Fast Food
McDonald's
The world's largest fast food chain is actually a real estate company. The burger is the rent collector.
Streaming · Music
Spotify
Artists get fractions of a cent. Labels get equity. Understanding who Spotify was actually built for.
Aviation · Fees
Ryanair
The cheapest seat in the air is a loss leader. The real product is everything that comes after you click "book".
AI · Investment
Amazon & Anthropic
A $4B investment that isn't really an investment. How cloud commitments blur the line between customer and backer.
Fitness · Subscriptions
Gym Memberships
Gyms are only profitable if you don't show up. The business model that depends on your good intentions failing.
Publishing · Academia
Academic Publishing
Researchers write it for free. Peer reviewers check it for free. Universities pay billions to read it back.